Understanding P&I clubs: the backbone of maritime liability Shipowners around the globe are intimately familiar with P&I (Protection & Indemnity) insurance. This essential coverage, housed within P&I Clubs, protects against maritime liabilities. Across the industry, approximately 100,000 ships are insured by just 12 P&I Clubs, contributing roughly US$4 billion in

The world of maritime liability is fraught with significant and unpredictable risks. In the 19th century, shipowners faced a challenging landscape where commercial insurers were reluctant to cover more than just hull risks. This led to the creation of mutual associations, which evolved into Protection and Indemnity (P&I) Clubs starting